TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS..........................................................................................................vii
CHAPTER
1
INTRODUCTION.........................................................................................................1
2 LITERATURE
REVIEW..............................................................................................5
Measurement and Prediction
of Soil Compaction.....................................................8
Soil Behavior Modeling due
to Cone Penetration...................................................22
Soil Strength Spatial
Variability..............................................................................23
Current Applications of
Cone Index Measurement.................................................25
References...............................................................................................................28
3 SOIL DRYING EFFECTS ON
SOIL CONE PENETRATION RESISTANCE FOR
Abstract...................................................................................................................39
Introduction.............................................................................................................40
Materials and
Methods............................................................................................44
Soil Preparation and
Experimental Design.......................................................44
Cone Index
Analysis.........................................................................................45
Results and Discussion............................................................................................47
Conclusions.............................................................................................................54
References...............................................................................................................55
vii
4 SPATIAL VARIABILITY OF SOIL CONE PENETRATION
RESISTANCE AS INFLUENCED BY SOIL MOISTURE ON PACOLET SANDY LOAM SOIL IN THE
Abstract...................................................................................................................59
Introduction.............................................................................................................59
Materials and Methods............................................................................................62
Site Description.................................................................................................62
Experimental Design.........................................................................................62
Results and Discussion............................................................................................67
Gravimetric Soil Moisture.................................................................................67
Soil Bulk Density..............................................................................................68
Maximum Bulk Density and the Depth to the Maximum Bulk Density...........69
Peak Cone Index and the Depth to the Peak Cone Index..................................71
Spatial Variability Analysis ..............................................................................73
Conclusions.............................................................................................................76
References...............................................................................................................77
5 FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF CONE PENETRATION RESISTANCE FOR PREDICTING SOIL HARDPAN ATTRIBUTES AS INFLUENCED BY SOIL MOISTURE, SOIL DENSITY, AND CONE MATERIALS.................................80
Abstract...................................................................................................................81
Introduction.............................................................................................................82
Materials and Methods............................................................................................84
Material Parameters for Soil Constitutive Model..............................................84
viii
FE Problem Formulation and Procedures.........................................................88
Experiment for Verification of FE Prediction of Soil Hardpan Attributes.......90
Data Analysis....................................................................................................91
Results and Discussion............................................................................................91
Soil Hardpan Attributes Prediction using Cone Penetrometer and Finite Element 92
Conclusions.............................................................................................................94
Acknowledgments...................................................................................................95
References...............................................................................................................99
6 ACOUSTIC COMPACTION LAYER DETECTION..............................................102
Abstract.................................................................................................................103
Introduction...........................................................................................................104
Materials and Methods................................106
Acoustic Measurement Systems..................106
Experiments.....................................................................................................107
Soil Preparation...............................................................................................109
Results and Discussion..........................................................................................110
Constant Depth Experiments...........................................................................111
Variable Depth Experiments...........................................................................114
Conclusions....................................................................................................117
References......................................................................................................118
7 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE STUDIES............................................................121
Cause-Effect Relationships........................................................................................121
Spatial Variability Analysis.......................................................................................122
ix
Finite Element Modeling...........................................................................................123
Acoustic based Compaction Sensor...........................................................................125
APPENDICES............................................................................................................................126
A. Non-Linear Finite Element Modeling of Soil Cone
Penetration in Layered
Introduction................................................................................................................126
Constitutive Soil Models............................................................................................127
References..................................................................................................................135
B. Images and Pictures......................................140
C. ABAQUS/Explicit Input File.....................................................................................147